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"Shapiro, Ian"
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The flight from reality in the human sciences
In this captivating yet troubling book, Ian Shapiro offers a searing indictment of many influential practices in the social sciences and humanities today. Perhaps best known for his critique of rational choice theory, Shapiro expands his purview here. In discipline after discipline, he argues, scholars have fallen prey to inward-looking myopia that results from—and perpetuates—a flight from reality. In the method-driven academic culture we inhabit, argues Shapiro, researchers too often make display and refinement of their techniques the principal scholarly activity. The result is that they lose sight of the objects of their study. Pet theories and methodological blinders lead unwelcome facts to be ignored, sometimes not even perceived. The targets of Shapiro's critique include the law and economics movement, overzealous formal and statistical modeling, various reductive theories of human behavior, misguided conceptual analysis in political theory, and the Cambridge school of intellectual history.
eBook
The state of democratic theory
What should we expect from democracy, and how likely is it that democracies will live up to those expectations? In The State of Democratic Theory, Ian Shapiro offers a critical assessment of contemporary answers to these questions, lays out his distinctive alternative, and explores its implications for policy and political action. Some accounts of democracy’s purposes focus on aggregating preferences; others deal with collective deliberation in search of the common good. Shapiro reveals the shortcomings of both, arguing instead that democracy should be geared toward minimizing domination throughout society. He contends that Joseph Schumpeter’s classic defense of competitive democracy is a useful starting point for achieving this purpose, but that it stands in need of radical supplementation--both with respect to its operation in national political institutions and in its extension to other forms of collective association. Shapiro’s unusually wide-ranging discussion also deals with the conditions that make democracy’s survival more and less likely, with the challenges presented by ethnic differences and claims for group rights, and with the relations between democracy and the distribution of income and wealth.
eBook
Preventing Refrigerant Leaks in Heat Pump Systems
Heat pumps are viewed as the primary path to the electrification required to reduce and eliminate fossil fuels and associated carbon emissions in building energy systems. However, most heat pumps used in the US today contain R-410A, which is itself a relatively potent greenhouse gas. Preventing refrigerant leaks is therefore a priority. Here, the issue of refrigerant leaks is examined while suggesting best practices to prevent refrigerant leaks.
Journal Article
نظرية الاحتواء : ما وراء الحرب على الإرهاب
في \"نظرية الاحتواء : ما وراء الحرب على الإرهاب\"، يظهر شابيرو فداحة الخطأ الكامن في قول بوش هذا، بدليل الإخفاقات المتكررة التي طبعت عهد بوش ولاسيما في العراق وأفغانستان. يعود شابيرو، وهو بروفسور في العلوم السياسية في جامعة يال، إلى نظرية الاحتواء، مؤكدا أنها السبيل الوحيد لضمان الديموقراطية في الولايات المتحدة. نظرية طلع بها المفكر والسياسي الأميركي الشهير جورج كنان، وطبقتها بحذافيرها بداية حكومة الرئيس هاري ترومان، فنجحت مائة في المائة، ولاسيما خلال الحرب الباردة مع الاتحاد السوفياتي الأسبق، وفي محاولة وقف المد الشيوعي وانتشاره في العالم.
Book
Death by a thousand cuts
This fast-paced book by Yale professors Michael Graetz and Ian Shapiro unravels the following mystery: How is it that the estate tax, which has been on the books continuously since 1916 and is paid by only the wealthiest two percent of Americans, was repealed in 2001 with broad bipartisan support? The mystery is all the more striking because the repeal was not done in the dead of night, like a congressional pay raise. It came at the end of a multiyear populist campaign launched by a few individuals, and was heralded by its supporters as a signal achievement for Americans who are committed to the work ethic and the American Dream.
eBook